Prefixes and Suffixes grammar
Examples will be found in square brackets [ ].
-a 1. prefixed to an interrogative makes it into a relative EL [mal = where?, amal = where (as in, where the
shadows lie)]
2. third person pronoun prefix RE [azagh = he of the mountain pass, agondor, = he of Gondor)
-al suffix that turns verb into noun [hoitat = to hunt; hoital = hunter] SV
-ar snû more (comparative ending) [gothûrzar snû = more powerful than]
-as across (prep) LOS
-at 1. verb infinitive TK [gimbat = to find]
2. third person singular verb ending
-arz common Black Speech adverb ending LOS
-az most (comparative ending) [gothûrzaz = most powerful) LOS
-bo off (prep) [kulat-bo = to be off]
-dhog near, next to [Orodruin-dhog, = near Orodruin.]
-ghaara from (case suffix) LOS [Mordor-ghaara = from Mordor]
-hai people (collective plural) TK (BS and AO) [uruk-hai = the uruk-people]
-ishi in (case suffix) TK [Mordor-ishi = in Mordor]
-izg I or me (used as a suffix, not as a 1st person singular pronoun) [kul-izg = I am]
-irzi by (case suffix) LOS
-lob feminine word ending [Shelob]
-ob of (preposition) EL [Mordor-ob = of Mordor]
-or at (preposition) LOS [Orthanc-or = at Orthanc]
-ri agh between (preposition) LOS [Rohan-ri agh Gondor = between Rohan and Gondor]
-thu beyond (preposition) LOS [Minas Morgul-thu = beyond Minas Morgul]
-tuk through (preposition) LOS [Ru-tuk, through the hall]
-u noun plural after consonant LL [Nazgu = rings] **note that the words for peoples, like uruk, ilid, Nazgûl,
gazat, etc., do not have plurals.
-u to (preposition) [Mordor-û = “to Mordor”; but note that “u bagronk,”
meaning “to the cesspool” is poor orkish grammar in DBS.
-ub- verb future tense suffix AN [gimbub = will find, gimbubut = they will find]
-ug verb present active participle EL [pushdug = stinking]
-uga verb past passive participle EL [dûmpuga = doomed]
-ûk all TK [thrakatulûk = to bring them all]
-ul them TK [gimbatul = to find them]
-um -ness, -yness (noun) TK, LL [bûrzum = darkness]
-ûr for (case suffix) EL [durub-ûr = for the ruler.]
-ûrz a common BS adjective-forming suffix EL [matûrz = mortal]
-ut third person plural verb ending [gimbut = they find, gimbubut = they will find] EL
-uz verb past tense suffix LOS [gimbuz = found, gimbuzat = he found]
-z noun plural after vowel. EL