Prefixes and Suffixes grammar

Prefixes and Suffixes 

Examples will be found in square brackets [ ].
 

-a                     1.  prefixed to an interrogative makes it into a relative EL [mal = where?, amal = where (as in, where the
                        shadows lie)]

                        2.  third person pronoun prefix RE [azagh = he of the mountain pass, agondor, = he of Gondor)

-al                    suffix that turns verb into noun [hoitat = to hunt; hoital = hunter] SV

-ar snû              more (comparative ending) [gothûrzar snû = more powerful than]

-as                   across (prep) LOS

-at                    1.  verb infinitive TK [gimbat  = to find]

                        2.  third person singular verb ending

-arz                  common Black Speech adverb ending LOS

-az                   most (comparative ending) [gothûrzaz = most powerful) LOS

-bo                   off (prep) [kulat-bo = to be off]

-dhog               near, next to [Orodruin-dhog, = near Orodruin.]

-ghaara             from (case suffix) LOS [Mordor-ghaara = from Mordor]

-hai                  people (collective plural) TK (BS and AO)  [uruk-hai = the uruk-people]

-ishi                  in (case suffix) TK [Mordor-ishi = in Mordor]

-izg                   I or me (used as a suffix, not as a 1st person singular pronoun) [kul-izg = I am]

-irzi                  by (case suffix) LOS

-lob                  feminine word ending [Shelob]

-ob                   of (preposition) EL  [Mordor-ob = of Mordor]

-or                   at (preposition) LOS [Orthanc-or = at Orthanc]

-ri agh              between (preposition) LOS [Rohan-ri agh Gondor = between Rohan and Gondor]

-thu                  beyond (preposition) LOS [Minas Morgul-thu = beyond Minas Morgul]

-tuk                  through (preposition) LOS [Ru-tuk, through the hall]

-u                     noun plural after consonant LL [Nazgu = rings] **note that the words for peoples, like uruk, ilid, Nazgûl,
                        gazat, etc., do not have plurals.

-u                     to (preposition) [Mordor-û = “to Mordor”;  but note that “u bagronk,”
                        meaning “to the cesspool” is poor orkish grammar in DBS.

-ub-                 verb future tense suffix AN  [gimbub = will find, gimbubut = they will find]

-ug                   verb present active participle EL [pushdug = stinking]

-uga                 verb past passive participle EL [dûmpuga = doomed]

-ûk                   all TK [thrakatulûk = to bring them all]

-ul                    them TK  [gimbatul = to find them]

-um                  -ness, -yness (noun) TK, LL [bûrzum = darkness]

-ûr                    for (case suffix) EL  [durub-ûr = for the ruler.]

-ûrz                  a common BS adjective-forming suffix EL [matûrz = mortal]

-ut                    third person plural verb ending [gimbut = they find, gimbubut = they will find] EL

-uz                   verb past tense suffix LOS [gimbuz = found, gimbuzat = he found]

-z                     noun plural after vowel.  EL